The Montgomery County Sheriff's Office operates the Montgomery County Jail in Conroe, the county seat. The facility processes bookings from the sheriff's office, Conroe Police Department, and other municipal agencies. Montgomery County is notable for maintaining one of the most accessible online booking systems in the Houston area—the sheriff's office publishes a regularly updated jail booking log with photographs, charges, bond amounts, and arrest details. Records are publicly accessible under the Texas Public Information Act (Tex. Gov’t Code Ch. 552).

The Woodlands, a master-planned community of over 120,000 residents in the county's southern portion, is the largest community in Montgomery County and one of the most affluent suburbs in the Houston metropolitan area. Originally developed by George P. Mitchell beginning in 1974, The Woodlands has grown into a major employment center with corporate offices including the headquarters of Anadarko Petroleum (now Occidental Petroleum), Huntsman Corporation, and numerous energy-sector firms. Despite its size, The Woodlands is an unincorporated township, and law enforcement is provided by the Montgomery County Sheriff's Office and Montgomery County Precinct constables.

About Montgomery County

Montgomery County stretches north from the Houston metro along Interstate 45. Conroe, the county seat, has experienced some of the fastest growth of any city in Texas, with its population roughly doubling since 2010. The city's expansion has been fueled by affordable housing, proximity to Houston, and the extension of services and retail along the I-45 corridor. Beyond Conroe and The Woodlands, the county includes Willis, Magnolia, New Caney, Porter, Splendora, and the Lake Conroe recreational area. The county's economy is heavily influenced by the energy sector, healthcare (with multiple hospital systems), and the retail and service industries driven by its rapidly growing population.